ABD ordusu ge\u00e7en hafta, \u0130ran limanlar\u0131na giri\u015f-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yapan gemilere uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ablukay\u0131 daha geni\u015f d\u00fcnya sular\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yarak, a\u00e7\u0131k denizdeki konumu veya bayra\u011f\u0131 ne olursa olsun \u0130ran’a yard\u0131m eden her geminin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.
\nGenelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 General Dan Caine Per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, ABD’nin “\u0130ran bayrakl\u0131 herhangi bir gemiyi veya \u0130ran’a maddi destek sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan herhangi bir gemiyi aktif olarak takip edece\u011fini” belirtti ve Orta Do\u011fu d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Amerikan birliklerinin \u0130ran deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in operasyonlara kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti.
\nAblukan\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi, ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’n\u0131n ticari trafi\u011fe neredeyse tamamen kapal\u0131 kalmas\u0131 ve ABD ile \u0130ran aras\u0131ndaki iki haftal\u0131k ate\u015fkesin sona ermesiyle ayn\u0131 zamana denk geliyor. Denizcilik ve askeri hukuk uzmanlar\u0131, bu hamlenin ABD’nin \u0130ran’\u0131 hedef alan k\u00f6kl\u00fc ekonomik politikalar\u0131n\u0131 mevcut askeri kampanyayla uyumlu hale getirdi\u011fini belirtiyor.
\nAncak bu durum, bir dizi hukuki ve pratik soruyu beraberinde getiriyor.
\nDeniz Harp Okulu’nda deniz stratejisi ba\u015fkan\u0131 James R. Holmes, “Sava\u015f sadece muharebe taraf\u0131nda de\u011fil, ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da karma\u015f\u0131k bir \u015feydir” dedi.
\nABD’nin \u0130ran’a kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc askeri kampanyan\u0131n ad\u0131 olan “Destans\u0131 \u00d6fke Operasyonu”nu kullanarak, “Hukuki a\u00e7\u0131dan, bir abluka bir sava\u015f eylemidir, bu nedenle abluka muhtemelen Destans\u0131 \u00d6fke Operasyonu’nun yasal oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yasald\u0131r” diye konu\u015ftu.
\nKongre \u0130ran’a sava\u015f ilan etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in ABD ile \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti aras\u0131nda resmi bir sava\u015f durumu mevcut de\u011fil. Ancak Holmes, “ilan edilmemi\u015f sava\u015flar\u0131n ABD tarihinde istisnadan \u00e7ok kural oldu\u011funu” belirterek, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in Kongre’nin ortak kararlar\u0131, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi kararlar\u0131 ve NATO kararlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti.
\n“Bu kampanya \u00e7o\u011fu kampanyadan daha tek tarafl\u0131 olabilir, ancak emsalsiz de\u011fildir” dedi.
\nWashington merkezli d\u0131\u015f politika d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015fu Defense Priorities’in k\u0131demli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 ve askeri analiz direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Jennifer Kavanagh, uluslararas\u0131 hukuka g\u00f6re ablukan\u0131n yasall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n “daha mu\u011flak” oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.
\nKavanagh, bir ablukan\u0131n yasal olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in “etkili” olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, yani hem uygulanabilir hem de uygulanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtti. Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n “k\u00fcresel ablukan\u0131n kavramsal olarak izin verilebilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131” \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 geni\u015f oldu\u011funu savunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.
\nYine de, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda devletlerin tarafs\u0131z karasular\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda deniz ablukalar\u0131 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar da dahil olmak \u00fczere, tarih boyunca geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 ablukalar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan \u00f6nceki y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u0130ngilizler, Devrim ve Napolyon Sava\u015flar\u0131 boyunca Fransa’y\u0131 ablukaya alm\u0131\u015f, Amerikan Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ise koloniler ve m\u00fcttefikleri Hint Okyanusu kadar uzaklarda \u0130ngiliz gemilerine bask\u0131nlar d\u00fczenlemi\u015fti.
\nAncak, geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 ablukalar\u0131 uygulamak zordur.
\nHolmes, “Yedi deniz \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yer ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck donanma veya sahil g\u00fcvenlik bile buna k\u0131yasla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr” dedi. ABD ablukas\u0131n\u0131n hukuken “etkili” say\u0131l\u0131p say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131, ABD’nin bunu uygulamak i\u00e7in yeterli gemi, u\u00e7ak, gemiye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ekibi ve istihbarat toplama gibi varl\u0131klara sahip olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.
\nHolmes, ablukan\u0131n hukuki testi ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in “hava ge\u00e7irmez” olmak zorunda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve etkinli\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmenin d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlemciler i\u00e7in her hal\u00fckarda zor olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.
\nUygulaman\u0131n bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde se\u00e7ici olmas\u0131 da gerekebilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.
\nHolmes, “\u015eimdi, liderli\u011fimizin ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlara uygun oldu\u011funda bir geminin ge\u00e7i\u015fine sessizce izin vermesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn” dedi. “\u00d6rne\u011fin, Ba\u015fkan Trump ile Genel Sekreter Xi aras\u0131nda yakla\u015fan bir zirve varken” \u2014 Trump, May\u0131s ay\u0131nda \u00c7in lideri Xi Jinping ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fecek \u2014 “Washington, \u00c7in’in petrol ithalat\u0131n\u0131 engelleyerek ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak istemeyebilir.”
\nGeni\u015fletilmi\u015f abluka, \u0130ran’a kar\u015f\u0131 uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden ekonomik kampanyan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131, ancak Trump y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in taktiksel bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik anlam\u0131na geliyor.
\nSava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda, ABD k\u00fcresel enerji fiyatlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131y\u0131 hafifletmek i\u00e7in denizdeki \u0130ran petrol\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ve ge\u00e7en hafta \u0130ran limanlar\u0131na abluka uygulamadan \u00f6nce, ABD ayn\u0131 nedenle \u0130ran tankerlerinin H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndan ge\u00e7i\u015fine izin vermi\u015fti.
\n\u015eimdi Washington, \u0130ran \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131y\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye odaklanm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.
\nUluslararas\u0131 deniz hukuku profes\u00f6r\u00fc ve Harvard Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi’nde misafir profes\u00f6r olan James Kraska, “Abluka, ABD’nin \u0130ran rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 mevcut ekonomik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f zaman\u0131 bir uzant\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r” dedi. Bar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131nda yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n “\u0130ran ekonomisini zay\u0131flatmak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7” oldu\u011funu, \u015fimdi ise ablukan\u0131n “kinetik bir geni\u015fleme” g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi.
\nGeneral Caine’in geni\u015fletilmi\u015f deniz ablukas\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki duyurusu, Hazine Bakan\u0131 Scott Bessent’in bir bombalama kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n “finansal e\u015fde\u011feri” olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Ekonomik \u00d6fke Operasyonu”nu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131ndan bir g\u00fcn sonra geldi. Bu operasyon, \u0130ran ile i\u015f yapan bankalar gibi uluslararas\u0131 kurumlara ikincil yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor.
\nKavanagh, geni\u015fletilmi\u015f ablukan\u0131n “Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri taraf\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekici bir t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015faret etti\u011fini” s\u00f6yledi.
\nYine de, \u0130ran’\u0131n hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015ftirmesinin pek olas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.
\n“\u0130ran i\u00e7in bu sava\u015f varolu\u015fsald\u0131r ve kolay ya da h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde pes etmeyecektir” dedi. “Ekonomik bask\u0131 \u00e7ok uzun vadede i\u015fe yarayabilir, ancak Trump bir anla\u015fma i\u00e7in beklemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok sab\u0131rs\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.
\n#ABD\u0130ranGerilimi #H\u00fcrm\u00fczBo\u011faz\u0131 #\u0130ranAblukas\u0131 #DenizHukuku #EkonomikYapt\u0131r\u0131mlar #K\u00fcreselG\u00fcvenlik #AskeriOperasyon #Uluslararas\u0131\u0130li\u015fkiler #TicaretYollar\u0131 #ABDPolitikas\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ABD ordusu ge\u00e7en hafta, \u0130ran limanlar\u0131na giri\u015f-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yapan gemilere uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ablukay\u0131 daha geni\u015f d\u00fcnya sular\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yarak, a\u00e7\u0131k denizdeki konumu veya bayra\u011f\u0131 ne olursa olsun \u0130ran’a yard\u0131m eden her geminin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 General Dan Caine Per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, ABD’nin “\u0130ran bayrakl\u0131 herhangi bir gemiyi veya \u0130ran’a maddi destek sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan herhangi bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4810,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-iran-haberleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4809"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4809\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4810"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}