Newswise \u2014 \u0130ran Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 endi\u015felerden biri, tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fczerindeki etkisidir.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 G\u0131da Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’ne g\u00f6re, 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fcresel g\u00fcbre ticaretinin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 30’u H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndan ge\u00e7ti. B\u00f6lgedeki devam eden \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, ABD’deki g\u0131da \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in artan maliyetlere ve endi\u015felere yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n
Virginia Tech’te besin y\u00f6netimi ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131m uzman\u0131 Rory Maguire, sava\u015f\u0131n g\u00fcbre \u00fczerindeki etkisinin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, bunun ABD’deki tar\u0131m \u00fczerindeki etkilerini ve \u00e7ift\u00e7iler i\u00e7in hangi alternatiflerin olabilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n
**\u0130ran sava\u015f\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak g\u00fcbreden bahsedildi\u011finde, \u00f6zellikle neden bahsediliyor?**<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00c7o\u011fu g\u00fcbrenin \u00fc\u00e7 ana besin maddesi vard\u0131r: azot, fosfor ve potasyum. ABD’de potasyumumuzun \u00e7o\u011fu Kanada’da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. Fosforumuz Kuzey Amerika’da, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Kuzey Carolina’da, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Florida’da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor ve bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da Fas’tan geliyor. Ancak \u0130ran sava\u015f\u0131yla ilgili olarak as\u0131l bahsedilen azot. Azotlu g\u00fcbre do\u011fal gazdan \u00fcretiliyor ve elbette Orta Do\u011fu’da \u00e7ok fazla do\u011fal gaz \u00fcretiliyor. Ayr\u0131ca bunu azotlu g\u00fcbreye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek bir\u00e7ok fabrika da var. San\u0131r\u0131m k\u00fcresel azotlu g\u00fcbrelerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 30’u K\u00f6rfez’den geliyor.\u201d<\/p>\n
**G\u00fcbre, mahsullerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in neden hayati \u00f6neme sahip?**<\/p>\n
\u201cT\u0131pk\u0131 bizim iyi beslenmeye ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z oldu\u011fu gibi, bitkilerin de iyi beslenmeye ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Yeterince beslenmezsek, yetersiz beslenmi\u015f oluruz ve ayn\u0131 durum bitkiler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu nedenle topraklar\u0131m\u0131z, maksimum b\u00fcy\u00fcme elde etme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan besin maddeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yetersiz olma e\u011filimindedir. Ormana bakarsan\u0131z, \u00e7ok yava\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Oysa g\u0131da i\u00e7in tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnler yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fimizde, \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcrler. Bu y\u00fczden mevcut besin maddelerine sahip de\u011fillerse, b\u00fcy\u00fcyemezler ve optimum verimi elde edemezler.\u201d<\/p>\n
**Azot, \u00e7o\u011fu g\u00fcbre ve \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7ift\u00e7i i\u00e7in ne kadar kritik?**<\/p>\n
\u201cAzot eksikli\u011fi ya\u015farsan\u0131z, mahsul\u00fcn\u00fcz istedi\u011finiz kadar iyi b\u00fcy\u00fcmez. Bu nedenle verim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ya\u015fars\u0131n\u0131z. Azot ayn\u0131 zamanda topraklar\u0131m\u0131zda iyi tutulmayan bir besin maddesidir. Topraklar fosforu ve potasyumu \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde tutar. Bu nedenle topraklar\u0131n\u0131zda \u00f6nceki y\u0131llardaki uygulamalara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak zaten yeterli fosfor ve potasyum bulunmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, ancak azot \u00e7ok ge\u00e7icidir. Hareket eder. Ya\u011fmur ya\u011farsa y\u0131kan\u0131r. Ve bazen \u015fu anda soludu\u011fumuz gaza geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Bu y\u00fczden ge\u00e7mi\u015fte azot fazlas\u0131 uygulad\u0131ysan\u0131z, bu y\u0131la kadar \u00e7o\u011fu gitmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
**Y\u0131l\u0131n zaman\u0131 mevcut endi\u015felerde ne kadar rol oynuyor?**<\/p>\n
\u201cBu, ekim sezonu i\u00e7in ana zamand\u0131r. ABD’deki \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin nerede oldu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ekime ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olabilir, ancak ekim sezonunun ba\u015flamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015fimdi h\u0131zlanmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Azot \u00e7ok ge\u00e7ici oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in zamana kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok hassast\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden ekim yaparken biraz uygulamak istersiniz. Ve sonra \u00e7ok kullanan m\u0131s\u0131r gibi bir \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki ay bir ila iki fit boyuna ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tekrar uygulayacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Fiyat\u0131 sabitlemedikleri i\u00e7in m\u0131s\u0131r gibi bir \u00fcr\u00fcne azot uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in biraz daha fiyat hassasiyeti g\u00f6sterebilecekleri yer, ikinci uygulama olan yan g\u00fcbreleme uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
**Ticari g\u00fcbrelere azot alternatifleri nelerdir?**<\/p>\n
\u201cG\u00fcbre harika bir besin kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Tek sorun, ekilebilir araziye k\u0131yasla yeterli olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden t\u00fcm g\u00fcbreyi al\u0131p ekilebilir araziye e\u015fit \u015fekilde yayarsak, besin maddeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan neredeyse yeterli olmayacakt\u0131r. Virginia’daki Shenandoah Vadisi ve Do\u011fu Yakas\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde, \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fcmes hayvan\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131m\u0131z oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yeterli k\u00fcmes hayvan\u0131 g\u00fcbresi olabilir. Ancak di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde, bu k\u00fcmes hayvan\u0131 \u00e7iftliklerinden \u00e7ok uzaktalar ve elbette nakliye maliyeti var. Bu y\u00fczden bulabilirseniz harika bir besin kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak yeterli miktarda bulunmuyor. Ayr\u0131ca, t\u00fcm mahsullerin azota ihtiyac\u0131 yoktur. Atmosferden azot alan baklagillerimiz var. Soya fasulyesi, ABD’de azotlu g\u00fcbreye ihtiya\u00e7 duymayan en yayg\u0131n ekilen mahsuld\u00fcr. Bu y\u00fczden \u00e7ift\u00e7iler m\u0131s\u0131rdan soya fasulyesine ge\u00e7ebilirler, ancak herkes bunu yaparsa soya fasulyesinin fiyat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer. Bu y\u00fczden \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin her zaman oynamas\u0131 gereken bir denge oyunudur.\u201d<\/p>\n
**Mevcut durum, birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00e7ift\u00e7iler i\u00e7in ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir endi\u015fe kayna\u011f\u0131?**<\/p>\n
\u201cSon zamanlarda baz\u0131 \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerle konu\u015ftu\u011fumda, Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ilk y\u0131l\u0131ndan daha iyi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. Avrupa Rusya’dan gaz ithalat\u0131n\u0131 durdurdu\u011funda, ba\u015fka bir b\u00fcy\u00fck arz \u015foku ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak bu sefer artan fiyatlar g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini ancak bulunabilirlik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015famad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirttiler. Yani evet, fiyatlar kesinlikle artt\u0131, ancak \u00e7ift\u00e7iler g\u00fcbreyi bulabilmeli. Sadece bu y\u0131l daha pahal\u0131ya mal olacak.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bu konu hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi ve hem b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00e7iftliklere hem de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bah\u00e7elere uygulanabilecek pratik tavsiyeler i\u00e7in Virginia Tech’in Rory Maguire ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cMerakl\u0131 Sohbetler\u201d program\u0131n\u0131 dinleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
**Maguire Hakk\u0131nda**<\/p>\n
Rory Maguire, Virginia Tech Bitki ve \u00c7evre Bilimleri Okulu’nda profes\u00f6r ve yay\u0131m uzman\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Virginia Tech Toprak Test Laboratuvar\u0131’n\u0131n s\u00fcperviz\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr ve d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f \u00e7iftlikler i\u00e7in planlar olu\u015fturan besin y\u00f6netimi planlamac\u0131lar\u0131na e\u011fitim vermektedir.<\/p>\n
**R\u00f6portaj**<\/p>\n
R\u00f6portaj ayarlamak i\u00e7in Virginia Tech Medya \u0130li\u015fkileri Ofisi ile mediarelations@vt.edu adresinden ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
#G\u00fcbreFiyatlar\u0131 #OrtaDo\u011fuSava\u015f\u0131 #Tar\u0131mMaliyetleri #AzotluG\u00fcbre #G\u0131daG\u00fcvenli\u011fi #H\u00fcrm\u00fczBo\u011faz\u0131 #S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirTar\u0131m #\u00c7ift\u00e7iDestek #Do\u011falGaz #K\u00fcreselTicaret<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Newswise \u2014 \u0130ran Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 endi\u015felerden biri, tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fczerindeki etkisidir. Uluslararas\u0131 G\u0131da Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’ne g\u00f6re, 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fcresel g\u00fcbre ticaretinin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 30’u H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndan ge\u00e7ti. B\u00f6lgedeki devam eden \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, ABD’deki g\u0131da \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in artan maliyetlere ve endi\u015felere yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Virginia Tech’te besin y\u00f6netimi ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131m uzman\u0131 Rory Maguire, sava\u015f\u0131n g\u00fcbre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13108,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-orta-dogu-haberleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13107"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13107\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fajr.news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}